如何向这个hash里添加键／值

如何向这个hash里添加键／值
先给出我的代码：

#!/usr/bin/perl -w


use Data::Dumper;



my $hash;

$hash = &createWork($hash, "test");
my $stateHash;
$stateHash = &createStateHash($stateHash, "first");
my $actionHash;
$actionHash = &createActionHash($actionHash,"firstAction","second");
$stateHash = &addAction($stateHash, $actionHash);

$hash = &addState($hash, $stateHash);


$stateHash = &createStateHash($stateHash, "first2");

$actionHash = &createActionHash($actionHash,"firstAction2","second2");
$stateHash = &addAction($stateHash, $actionHash);
$hash = &addState($hash, $stateHash);


print Dumper($hash);



sub createWork{
my ($hash, $type) = @_;
#print "$type\n";
$hash={'type'=>"$type"};
return $hash;
}

sub createStateHash{
my ($stateHash, $state) = @_;
$stateHash = {"$state"=>{}};
return $stateHash;
}

sub createActionHash{
my ($actionHash, $action, $next_state) = @_;
$actionHash={'name'=>"$action",'next_state'=>"$next_state"};
return $actionHash;
}

sub addWork{
my ($type) = @_;
#print "$type\n";
$hash={'type'=>"$type"};
}

sub addState{
my ($hash, $stateHash) = @_;
my @state = keys (%{$stateHash});
$hash->{'state'}= $stateHash;
return $hash;
}

sub addAction{
my ($stateHash, $actionHash) = @_;
my @state = keys (%{$stateHash});
$stateHash->{"$state[-1]"}->{'action'}=$actionHash;
return $stateHash;
}

输出来的结果是:

$VAR1 = {
'type' => 'test',
'state' => {
'first2' => {
'action' => {
'name' => 'firstAction2',
'next_state' => 'second2'
}
}
}
};

我期望的结果是:

$VAR1 = {
'type' => 'test',
'state' => {
'first' => {
'action' => {
'name' => 'firstAction',
'next_state' => 'second'
}
},
'first2' => {
'action' => {
'name' => 'firstAction2',
'next_state' => 'second2'
}
}
}
};

这样的hash结构，可以看到，后面添加进去的一组hash把前面的覆盖了。

我把程序改成这个样子:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w


use Data::Dumper;



my $hash;

$hash = &createWork($hash, "test");
my $stateHash;
$stateHash = &createStateHash($stateHash, "first");
my $actionHash;
$actionHash = &createActionHash($actionHash,"firstAction","second");
$stateHash = &addAction($stateHash, $actionHash);

$hash = &addState($hash, $stateHash);

$stateHash = &createStateHash($stateHash, "first2");

$actionHash = &createActionHash($actionHash,"firstAction2","second2");
$stateHash = &addAction($stateHash, $actionHash);
$hash = &addState($hash, $stateHash);


print Dumper($hash);



sub createWork{
my ($hash, $type) = @_;
#print "$type\n";
$hash={'type'=>"$type"};
return $hash;
}

sub createStateHash{
my ($stateHash, $state) = @_;
$stateHash = {"$state"=>{}};
return $stateHash;
}

sub createActionHash{
my ($actionHash, $action, $next_state) = @_;
$actionHash={'name'=>"$action",'next_state'=>"$next_state"};
return $actionHash;
}

sub addWork{
my ($type) = @_;
#print "$type\n";
$hash={'type'=>"$type"};
}

sub addState{
my ($hash, $stateHash) = @_;
my @state = keys (%{$stateHash});
$hash->{'state'}->{"$state[-1]"}= $stateHash;
return $hash;
}

sub addAction{
my ($stateHash, $actionHash) = @_;
my @state = keys (%{$stateHash});
$stateHash->{"$state[-1]"}->{'action'}=$actionHash;
return $stateHash;
}


输出却变成这个样子了：

$VAR1 = {
'type' => 'test',
'state' => {
'first' => {
'first' => {
'action' => {
'name' => 'firstAction',
'next_state' => 'second'
}
}
},
'first2' => {
'first2' => {
'action' => {
'name' => 'firstAction2',
'next_state' => 'second2'
}
}
}
}
};


多出来一层hash的引用。