[原创] perl WebServices客户端
swallor
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swallor 发表于 2005-03-11 11:11
[原创] perl WebServices客户端
这是一个简单的perl WebServices客户端示例，阅读下面内容最好了解下列技术：
WebServices框架协议 HTTP SOAP协议 XML言语 RPC远程过程调用 该示例调用XMethods的 temperature service（http://www.xmethods.com/ve2/ViewListing.po;jsessionid=wwY9oY_kCAvsXXW3l9-V4Jes(QHyMHiRM)?key=uuid:477CEED8-1EDD-89FA-1070-6C2DBE1685F8）。temperature服务根据请求的美国某地区的邮码返回该地区当前的温度。 下面先看看完整的perl代码，然后我会对关键代码分步做出说明。 temperatureclient.pl
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CODE:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# 一个简单的web service client.调用XMethods temperature service. # http://www.xmethods.com use strict; use SOAP::EnvelopeMaker; use SOAP::Parser; use SOAP::Struct; use SOAP::Transport::HTTP::Client; my $zipcode = shift; $zipcode =~ /^\d+$/ or die "USAGE: $0 U.Szipcode\n"; my ($server, $port,$endpoint, $soapaction, $method, $method_urn,$message, $envelope, $response, $parser); # service address $server = 'services.xmethods.net'; $port = 80; $endpoint = '/soap/servlet/rpcrouter'; $soapaction =''; $method = 'getTemp'; # operator namespace $method_urn = 'urn:xmethods-Temperature'; # create SOAP envelope $envelope = SOAP::EnvelopeMaker->;new(\$message); # set SOAP body,zipcode is the parameter name $envelope->;set_body($method_urn, $method, 0,SOAP::Struct->;new(zipcode=>;$zipcode)); # create client call $response = SOAP::Transport::HTTP::Client->;new()->;send_receive($server, $port, $endpoint,$method_urn, $method,$message); # parser SOAP response message $parser = SOAP::Parser->;new; $parser->;parsestring($response); # get SOAP body $response = $parser->;get_body; if (exists $response->;{return}) { print "$zipcode Temperature: $response->;{return}\n"; } else { print "A fault ($response->;{faultcode}) occurred: " .$response->;{faultstring}\n"; } exit; 如果你要在你的机子上测试以上程序，请确认是否安装了perl SOAP模块（下载地址:http://search.cpan.org/~kbrown/SOAP-0.28/）. 请打开温度服务的WSDL：http://www.xmethods.net/sd/2001/TemperatureService.wsdl对照阅读。
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CODE:
# service address
$server = 'services.xmethods.net'; $endpoint = '/soap/servlet/rpcrouter'; $soapaction =''; $method = 'getTemp'; # operator namespace $method_urn = 'urn:xmethods-Temperature'; 从WSDL中获得以上信息：$server 服务地址，$port 端口号，$endpoint 服务端点，$method 调用方法，$method_urn 方法的名称空间，还有一个参数名称：zipcode。
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CODE:
# create SOAP envelope
$envelope = SOAP::EnvelopeMaker->;new(\$message); # set SOAP body,zipcode is the parameter name $envelope->;set_body($method_urn, $method, 0,SOAP::Struct->;new(zipcode=>;$zipcode)); 创建一个SOAP封套，传入一个字符串引用用来保存Envelope结构；当调用完set_body方法后，$message中将存有类似下面的SOAP消息：(为了便于阅读，我对其进行了格式化)
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CODE:
<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:n1="urn:xmethods-Temperature" s:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">; <s:Body>; <n1:getTemp id="ref-1" s:root="1">; <zipcode>;94041</zipcode>; </n1:getTemp>; </s:Body>; </s:Envelope>; 接着进行客户端调用，
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CODE:
# create client call
$response = SOAP::Transport::HTTP::Client->;new()->;send_receive($server, $port, $endpoint, $method_urn, $method,$message); 创建一个HTTP SOAP客户端，向服务器发送请求，并将服务器SOAP响应保存的$response中，如下：
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CODE:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>;
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">; <SOAP-ENV:Body>; <ns1:getTempResponse xmlns:ns1="urn:xmethods-Temperature" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">; <return xsi:type="xsd:float">;69.0</return>; </ns1:getTempResponse>; </SOAP-ENV:Body>; </SOAP-ENV:Envelope>; 解析SOAP响应，取得body，返回一个哈希引用，里面包含SOAP body中XML文档结构。
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CODE:
# parser SOAP response message
$parser = SOAP::Parser->;new; $parser->;parsestring($response); # get SOAP body $response = $parser->;get_body; 最后打印出温度值.
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CODE:
if (exists $response->;{return}) {
print "$zipcode Temperature: $response->;{return}\n"; } else { print "A fault ($response->;{faultcode}) occurred: " .$response->;{faultstring}\n"; } 相关参考 SOAP 1.1规范 http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-SOAP-20000508/ IBM developerWorks webservice专区 http://www-900.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ <<rogramming Web Services with Perl>;>; By Pavel Kulchenko, Randy J. Ray http://safari.oreilly.com/ *更爽目的格式请阅读我的Blog http://swallor.blogdriver.com/swallor/index.html 另：我将该示例发在了XMethods上，借宝地存放一下源代码，为了perl的推广，请板主大人不要删除！谢谢！(唉，不让上传,另找地儿了：（) |