转：复制linux文件系统

how to copy linux file system to another hard disk

    * To: terrence@localhost.localdomain
    * Subject: how to copy linux file system to another hard disk
    * From: Terrence Miao <terrence@unimelb.edu.au>
    * Date: Tue, 20 Jan 2004 15:35:19 +1100
    * User-agent: Mutt/1.4.1i

how to copy linux file system to another hard disk
--------------------------------------------------

1. partition the new hard disk; create /boot, /, swap partitions; make file
   system (including swap, use commands mkfs.ext3 and mkswap, swapon)

[root@esker root]# fdisk -l /dev/hda

Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hda1   *         1      2080  16707568+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hda2          2081      2093    104422+  83  Linux
/dev/hda3          2094      2347   2040255   82  Linux swap
/dev/hda4          2348      9729  59295915    f  Win95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/hda5          2348      9729  59295883+  83  Linux

2. use "cp -a" command, copy the following directories to new hard
   disk (ignore "/proc" directory):

[root@esker /]# ls -1
bin
boot
dev
etc
home
initrd
lib
lost+found
misc
mnt
opt
root
sbin
tmp
usr
var

[root@esker /]# mkdir proc (on the new hard disk)

3. install grub boot loader:

[root@esker /]# cat /boot/grub/device.map
# this device map was generated by anaconda
(fd0)     /dev/fd0
(hd0)     /dev/hda

[root@esker /]# grub-install --root-directory=/boot '(hd0)'

OR

boot the new hard disk with GRUB Boot floppy, install GRUB natively:

[root@esker /]# cd /usr/share/grub/i386-pc
[root@esker /]# dd if=stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
[root@esker /]# dd if=stage2 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1
153+1 records in
153+1 records out

Once booted from floppy, GRUB will show the command-line interface (*note
Command-line interface:. First, set the GRUB's "root device"(1)
(*note Installing GRUB natively-Footnote-1: to the boot directory,
like this:

     grub> root (hd0,0)

Once you've set the root device correctly, run the command `setup'
(*note setup::

     grub> setup (hd0)

4. modify file "fstab" and "grub.conf":

[root@esker /]# cat /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
none                    /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
none                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
none                    /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
/dev/hda3               swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/cdrom              /mnt/cdrom              udf,iso9660
noauto,owner,kudzu,ro 0 0
/dev/fd0                /mnt/floppy             auto    noauto,owner,kudzu 0
0

[root@esker /]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that
#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#          root (hd0,1)
#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/hda5
#          initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/hda
default=0
timeout=30
splashimage=(hd0,1)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.20-
        root (hd0,1)
        kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-8 ro root=LABEL=/
        initrd /initrd-2.4.20-8.img
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.20-8 with FrameBuffer)
        root (hd0,1)
        kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-8 ro root=LABEL=/ vga=773
        initrd /initrd-2.4.20-8.img
title Windows XP
        rootnoverify (hd0,0)
        chainloader +1

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