修复损坏linux 文件系统
revised by woflman 2007.08.05
今天的我们早上我的服务器无法启动,停在检查
mail.wofman.com/var filesystem bad ,我的mail文件在此目录下;
Bad magic number in super_block while trying to open /var
***An error occured during the file system check
*** Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot
*** when you leave the shell.
Press enter for maintenance
(or type Control-D to continue):
输入admai pass 后进入 (Repair filesystem)#
查看/etc/fstab 没有错误,
运行fsck -p /var
运行完毕有下面提示:
/dev/sda3 contains a file system with errors, check forced.
/dev/sda3: Inodes that were part of a corrupted orphan linked list found.
/dev/sda3: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY.
(i.e., without -a or -p options)
运行fsck.ext3 -p /dev/sda3 ;未能修复
运行fsck.ext3 -y /dev/sda3 ; repair ok
;注意在修复其它filesystem时要umount掉运行该命令。
文件系统--fsck
指令:fsck
使用权限 : 超级使用者
使用方式 : fsck --help
fsck 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
fsck.ext3: invalid option -- h
Usage: fsck.ext3 [-panyrcdfvstDFSV] [-b superblock] [-B blocksize]
[-I inode_buffer_blocks] [-P process_inode_size]
[-l|-L bad_blocks_file] [-C fd] [-j ext-journal]
[-E extended-options] device
Emergency help:
-p Automatic repair (no questions) ;自动修复
-n Make no changes to the filesystem ;模拟修复
-y Assume "yes" to all questions ;所有的问题都回答yes
-c Check for bad blocks and add them to the badblock list
;检查坏块,并记录下坏块列表
-f Force checking even if filesystem is marked clean
;对标记为“干净”的文件系统进行强制检查 v Be verbose ;详细信息
-b superblock Use alternative superblock
-B blocksize Force blocksize when looking for superblock
-j external-journal Set location of the external journal
-l bad_blocks_file Add to badblocks list
-L bad_blocks_file Set badblocks list
引用网上的一个例子 :
问题: SLES8 在mount盘阵的时候,出现
server1:/ # mount /dev/sde1 /foo
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sde1,
or too many mounted file systems
的问题。请问这种问题怎么能解决呢?
回答:
这个错误信息标识 /dev/sde1 设备上的 ext3 文件系统的超级块损坏了,ext3 文件系统的元数据保存在超级块中。
ext3 文件系统还有一些备份的超级块,可以尝试用备份的超级块加载 ext3 文件系统和修复 ext3 文件系统。
备份的超级块信息可以通过以下命令获得,这个命令模拟 ext3 文件系统创建时的动作并打印出备份超级块的位置,给出的位置缺省是以4k为单位的,mount 在使用时需要为它提供以1k为单位的偏移,需要乘4:
注意!!!!!一定要使用'-n'作为参数模拟 ext3 文件系统的创建而不是真的创建 ext3 文件系统
# mkfs.ext3 -n /dev/hda7
mke2fs 1.38 (30-Jun-2005)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
2198880 inodes, 4393738 blocks
219686 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
135 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16288 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
使用备份的超级块来加载 ext3 文件系统的命令:
语法: mount.ext3 -o sb=n <device> <mount point>
# mount.ext3 -o sb=131072 /dev/hda7 /media/hda7
使用备份的超级块来修复 ext3 文件系统的命令
语法:fsck.ext3 -b superblock <device>
# fsck.ext3 -b 32768 /dev/hda7