在RedHat AS4.0(X86)上安装Oracle9iR2数据库
Mischievous
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Mischievous 发表于 2007-02-23 00:57
在RedHat AS4.0(X86)上安装Oracle9iR2数据库
系统是RedHat AS4.0(X86),主要是为了安装Oracle9i,结合网上的一些资料总结一下,整理出来,希望对大家有用。
由于网上的资料很多,但由于大家的传阅转载,有不少都有些误差了,我在这里也算是校对一下吧,对这些原始资料的创作人表示敬意。 一,准备工作 1,先安装好RedHat AS4.0,保持系统的干净。 在oracle官方网站上下载Oracle 9i的安装文件: ship_9204_linux_disk1.cpio.gz ship_9204_linux_disk2.cpio.gz ship_9204_linux_disk3.cpio.gz 打3238244补丁 同时要下载三个补丁: p4198954_21_linux.zip 在运行 runInstaller 之前打 p2617419_220_GENERIC.zip 修复agent错误的补丁 p3238244_9204_LINUX.zip 打3238244补丁 由于安装oracle需要很多系统软件包,少一样都不行,真是一个都不能少。开一个终端,以root用户运行: # rpm -qa | grep compat 检查当前系统所安装的compat软件包是否已有: compat-db-4.1.25-9 compat-gcc-32-3.2.3-47.3 compat-gcc-32-c++-3.2.3-47.3 compat-oracle-rhel4-1.0-3 compat-libcwait-2.0-1 compat-libgcc-296-2.96-132.7.2 compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.7.2 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3 gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4 gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4 gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44 gnome-libs-devel-1.4.1.2.90-44 libaio-devel-0.3.102-1 libaio-0.3.102-1 make-3.80-5 openmotif21-2.1.30-11 xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-devel-6.8.1-23.EL xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.1-23.EL 发如果少了上数包,可按下面的命令和所属AS4光盘安装RPM包(最后两个由Oralce补丁p4198954_21_linux.zip解压产生) rpm -ivh sysstat-5.0.5-1.i386.rpm disk4 rpm -ivh openmotif21-2.1.30-11.RHEL4.2.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.102-1.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.102-1.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh fontconfig-devel-2.2.3-7.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh xorg-x11-devel-6.8.1-23.EL.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-devel-6.8.1-23.EL.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh glib-devel-1.2.10-15.i386.rpm disk4 rpm -ivh ORBit-devel-0.5.17-14.i386.rpm disk4 rpm -ivh gtk+-devel-1.2.10-33.i386.rpm disk4 rpm -ivh alsa-lib-devel-1.0.6-4.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh audiofile-devel-0.2.6-1.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh esound-devel-0.2.35-2.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh libtiff-devel-3.6.1-7.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh libungif-devel-4.1.3-1.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh imlib-devel-1.9.13-23.i386.rpm disk3 rpm -ivh gnome-libs-devel-1.4.1.2.90-44.1.i386.rpm disk4 rpm -ivh compat-oracle-rhel4-1.0-5.i386.rpm (p4198954_21_linux.zip) rpm -ivh compat-libcwait-2.0-2.i386.rpm (p4198954_21_linux.zip) 二,创建相关安装目录和环境变量 1,创建user/group; #groupadd dba #groupadd oinstall #useradd oracle -g oinstall -G dba #passwd oracle 2,建立oracle安装文件夹; # mkdir -p /opt/ora9/product/9.2.0.4 # mkdir /var/opt/oracle # chmod oracle.dba /var/opt/oracle # chown -R oracle.dba /opt/ora9 3,配置环境变量; 以root用户登录,设置root用户的环境打开.bash_profile文件,将如下内容加入: export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/ora9 export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/ora9/product/9.2.0.4 export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle export ORACLE_SID=oradb //此处为你的sid 使用Oracle用户登陆: #su – oracle $vi .bash_profile 以下是配置文件的内容 # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/ora9 export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/ora9/product/9.2.0.4 export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle export ORACLE_SID=oradb export ORACLE_TERM=xterm export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19 export THREADS_FLAG=native export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib export NLS_LANG=”American_america.utf8” export ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data export PATH unset USERNAME 4,设置系统参数; #su – root切换到root用户 a) 修改#vi /etc/sysctl.conf, 以下是配置文件的内容(其中红色字体为添加的内容): # Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux # # For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and # sysctl.conf(5) for more details. # Controls IP packet forwarding net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 # Controls source route verification net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 # Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel kernel.sysrq = 0 # Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename. # Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications. kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 65536 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 修改后运行#sysctl –p命令使得内核改变立即生效; (译者注:一般情况下可以设置最大共享内存为物理内存的一半,如果物理内存是 2G,则可以设置最大共享内存为 1073741824,如上;如物理内存是 1G,则可以设置最大共享内存为 512 * 1024 * 1024 = 536870912;以此类推。) 建议永久地增加 shmmax 设置。 sem 4个参数依次为SEMMSL(每个用户拥有信号量最大数);SEMMNS(系统信号量最大数);SEMOPM(每次semopm系统调用操作数);SEMMNI(系统辛苦量集数最大数).Shmmax 最大共享内存,官方文档建议是内存的1/2,Shmmni 最小共享内存 4096KB.Shmall 所有内存大小 。 b) 设置oracle对文件的要求: 编辑文件:#vi /etc/security/limits.conf 加入以下语句: oracle soft nofile 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft nproc 16384 oracle hard nproc 16384 c) gcc降级 #su – root #mv /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc34 #ln –s /usr/bin/gcc32 /usr/bin/gcc #mv /usr/bin/g++ /usr/bin/g++34 #ln –s /usr/bin/g++32 /usr/bin/g++ 5,安装oracle补丁 当你从 Oracle 9iR2 光盘执行 runInstaller 时,会出现错误信息: Error occurred during initialization of VM Unable to load native library: /tmp/OraInstall2003-10-25_03-14-57PM/jre/lib/i386 /libjava.so symbol _libc_wait, version GLIBC_2.0 not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference 为了解决 _libc_wait 符号问题, 从http://oss.oracle.com/projects/compat-oracle/files/RedHat/ 下载补丁 compat-libcwait-2.0-2.i386.rpm compat-oracle-rhel4-1.0-5.i386.rpm.为了应用这个补丁,可以运行: $su – root # cd /orasetup #ls compat*.rpm compat-libcwait-2.0-2.i386.rpm compat-oracle-rhel4-1.0-5.i386.rpm # rpm -Uvh compat*.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:compat-libcwait-2.0-2.i386.rpm ##################################### [ 50%] 2:compat-oracle-rhel4-1.0-5.i386.rpm#################################### [100%] 三,开始安装Oracle9i 1,解压下载的安装文件: zcat ship_9204_linux_disk1.cpio.gz | cpio –idmv zcat ship_9204_linux_disk2.cpio.gz | cpio –idmv zcat ship_9204_linux_disk3.cpio.gz | cpio –idmv 解包和解压过程中,自动创建了3个包含安装文件的目录: Disk1 Disk2 Disk3 .以oracle用户登录系统,进行Oracle的安装: $ cd Disk1 $ ./runInstaller过一会儿就会出现Oracle的安装界面 - Welcome Screen: Click Next - Inventory Location: Click Next - Unix Group Name: Use "oinstall" and click Next When asked to run /tmp/orainstRoot.sh, run it before you click Continue - At the end of the installation, exit runInstaller. 2.一步一个脚印安装下去就行了! 3,安装完后打补丁: 切换到root:#su – root 首先安装 opatch. #cd /orasetup #unzip p2617419_210_GENERIC.zip Archive: p2617419_210_GENERIC.zip creating: OPatch/ creating: OPatch/docs/ inflating: Opatch/docs/FAQ ...... inflating: README.txt #export PATH=$PATH:/orasetup/OPatch:/sbin (修改PATH时要要包括解压缩出来的Opatch 和 sbin目录) # unzip p3238244_9204_LINUX.zip # cd 3238244 # opatch apply 如果提示HOME变量错误可执行语句: #export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/ora9 #export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/ora9/product/9.2.0.4 出现success的提示就全部安装成功. 补丁打完后,还要relinked一个.mk文件,切换到oracle用户窗口 cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib make –f ins_oemagent.mk install 之后就可以启动Agent服务了. 4, 最后执行 #dbca 建oracle数据库 点击OK,然后退出即可,正常登陆并启动数据库的操作。 [oracle@oracle oracle]$ lsnrctl start [oracle@oracle oracle]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Mar 12 22:58:53 2005 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. SQL>; connect / as sysdba Connected. SQL>; shutdown immediate 关闭数据库 Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL>; startup; 启动数据库 ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 236000356 bytes Fixed Size 451684 bytes Variable Size 201326592 bytes Database Buffers 33554432 bytes Redo Buffers 667648 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. 5, 为了方便管理,可以写一个启动脚本ora9i: 以root身份进入,编写以下脚本: #!/bin/bash #start and stop the oracle instance # chkconfig –level 5 --add ora9i #chkconfig: 345 91 19 # description: starts the oracle listener and instance export ORACLE_HOME="/opt/ora9/product/9.2.0.4" export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin:$PATH export ORACLE_OWNER="oracle" export ORACLE_SID=oradb if [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ] then echo "oracle startup:cannot start" exit 1 fi case "$1" in start) #startup the listener and instance echo -n "oracle startup: " su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle echo "finished" ;; stop) # stop listener, apache and database echo -n "oracle shutdown:" su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle echo "finished" ;; reload|restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: ora9i [start|stop|reload|restart]" exit 1 esac exit 0 存为ora9i后,然后用chmod a+x ora9,即可在以后以root身份运行/etc/rc.d/init.d/ora9i start |stop 来管理oracle的启动和停止了。如果要将这个脚本加入到系统中使其可开机运行(不过官方是不建议开机自动运行的),那么要运行以下命令:chkconfig --level 3(或者是5) --add ora9i 或者以root用户执行如下命令: #cp /orasetup/ora9i /etc/rc.d/init.d/ #chmod a+x /etc/rc.d/init.d /ora9 #cd /etc/rc.d/rc5.d #ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/ora9i S99ora9i #cd /etc/rc.d/rc0.d #ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/ora9i K99ora9i 也可自启动oracle9i! 或者可在/etc/rc.d/rc.local中加入如下: su - oracle -c "/opt/ora9/oracle/product/9.2.0.4/bin/lsnrctl start" su - oracle -c "/opt/ora9/oracle/product/9.2.0.4/bin/dbstart start" 6, 关于数据库删除重新安装的问题: 把ORACLE安装目录删除及/etc/ora*.*删除就行了 #rm –f /etc/ora*.* ok了,现在一切也就差不多了,你已经可以建议自己的数据库。 |