手工创建oracle数据库
Kttlon
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Kttlon 发表于 2008-01-03 00:01
手工创建oracle数据库
一直就想把这篇文章加进来,只可以一直没有时间。刚好今天给我在测试机器上来了个误操作rm * backup/*,把正在运行的数据库中的数据文件全部删除了,真是郁闷!还好这个是给我们新人们测试玩的,要不然就死定了!在此也做一个提醒,身为DBA,要永远记住甚用或者禁止使用rm命令,万不得以的情况下,使用时在敲enter也要看了又看、慎重又慎重才行!好了,费话不说了,下面请看我的过程。
Red Hat Enterprise 3 + Oracle 10g Release 2 $su – oracle 1--- 设置系统环境变量: ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/10.2 ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle ORACLE_SID=dbtest ...... 2--- 系统规划: 实例名称ORACLE_SID=dbtest 数据库名称DB_NAME=dbtest 3--- 手工创建如下目录: /opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/cdump /opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/bdump /opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/udump /opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/pfile /opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/ /opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/archive 4--- 建立密码文件: orapwd file=/opt/oracle/product/10.2/dbs/orapwd_dbtest password=superman 5---修改参数文件: 格式:/opt/oracle/product/10.2/dbs/init.ora 实例:/opt/oracle/product/10.2/dbs/initdbtest.ora 内容如下: --------------------------------------------------- dbtest.__db_cache_size=331350016 dbtest.__java_pool_size=4194304 dbtest.__large_pool_size=8388608 dbtest.__shared_pool_size=138412032 dbtest.__streams_pool_size=0 *._kgl_large_heap_warning_threshold=8388608 *.audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/adump' *.background_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/bdump' *.compatible='10.2.0.1.0' *.control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/control01.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/control02.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/control03.ctl' *.core_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/cdump' *.db_2k_cache_size=33554432 *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_file_multiblock_read_count=128 *.db_files=4000 *.db_name='dbtest' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4294967296 *.db_recovery_file_dest='' *.log_archive_dest='/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/archive' *.log_checkpoints_to_alert=FALSE *.open_cursors=300 *.parallel_execution_message_size=65535 *.parallel_max_servers=128 *.pga_aggregate_target=209715200 *.processes=150 *.recyclebin='OFF' *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.replication_dependency_tracking=FALSE *.session_cached_cursors=100 *.sga_target=500m *.shared_pool_size=100m *.undo_management='AUTO' *.undo_retention=0 *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTS' *.user_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/udump' *.workarea_size_policy='AUTO' _allow_resetlogs_corruption=true --------------------------------------------------- 可将此文件复制到:/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/pfile/init.ora 6--- 登陆oracle: > sqlplus “/ as sysdba” 7--- 启动实例: SQL> startup nomount pfile=/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/pfile/init.ora 8--- 创建数据库的脚本: ----------------------------------------------------------- CREATE DATABASE dbtest LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/redo01.log','/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/redo01_1.log') size 100m reuse, GROUP 2 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/redo02.log','/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/redo02_1.log') size 100m reuse, GROUP 3 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/redo03.log','/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/redo03_1.log') size 100m reuse MAXLOGFILES 50 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXLOGHISTORY 200 MAXDATAFILES 500 MAXINSTANCES 5 ARCHIVELOG CHARACTER SET UTF8 NATIONAL CHARACTER SET UTF8 DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/system01.dbf' SIZE 1000M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SYSAUX DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 1000M UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTS DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/undo.dbf' SIZE 500M DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/temp.dbf' SIZE 500M ; ----------------------------------------------------------- 9--- 运行如下文件(安装下面的先后顺序): /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql 10--- 创建相关表空间与用户: CREATE TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/users01.dbf' SIZE 1000M;---数据表空间 CREATE TABLESPACE INDX DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/dbtest/indx01.dbf' SIZE 1000M;---在建立索引的时候把此表空间作为存储空间,即单独用一个表空间来存储索引,这是个好习惯,虽然我们没有办法建立一个默认的索引表空间! CREATE USER test IDENTIFIED BY test DEFAULT TABLESPACE users ;---测试用户 GRANT CONNECT,RESOURCE TO test; 11--- 一点注意的地方: 1>.相关文件的目录要设置正确,有数据文件,控制文件,参数文件等,还有就是它们的位置要与控制文件中指定的要一致。 2>.init.ora中的undo_tablespace的名字必须要与create database的相同,包括大小写等注意。否则很麻烦,报的错误你都不知道是不是在忽悠你!总之,一句话,控制文件中的内容要和init文件中的内容以及要和实际文件的实际情况要相同。 3>.分析数据库出错可以到/opt/oracle/admin/dbtest/bdump/alert_dbtest.log中查找。 |