二、比喻造词法


二、比喻造词法
从结构上看,新词新语里运用比喻这种修辞格的,大体有以下几类:
⑴、以喻体作修饰成分,本体类属作中心词,构成新词语。如:
龙头企业   拳头产品   窗口行业   星火计划   胡子工程   尾巴工程
这类新词的喻体一般都具有形象生动通俗易懂的特点 ,取譬的着眼点也多种多样,其突出之处是使得语言表达简洁明快。如:
         草根工业:喻指植根于乡村土地发展起来的乡镇企业。
龙头企业:像龙头一样能带动全局和其他企业前进或发展的企业。
尾巴工程:指某一工程主体部分已经完成,但尚有某些收尾项目未曾完成,好像拖了个尾巴。
⑵、以喻体代指本体,也就是赋予某些词语以新的比喻义。如:
绿灯  窗口  龙头  新星  拳头  黄牌  气候  余热  婆婆  短平快
在这类词语中,由一些本来是普通语词,如“婆婆”、“窗口”、“拳头”;有的本来是专业、行业用语,如“绿灯”、“黄牌”,作为新词语,它们被赋予了新的比喻义,使用范围扩大了。而且有的新词语还可以作为构词成分,组成相关的新词语。如:
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